Cultural Resource Management Essay

1. (2pts apiece) Utilizing the lecture notes from the first twenty-four hours of class, define the following terms pagan Resources Are the sources of culture such as art, heritage, artif teleph unmatched numbers, and architectureCultural Resource vigilance The main family of archaeology in the USA. It is used mostly by archaeologists to reference to management of diachronical places based on their archaeological, architectural, and diachronicalal interests in compliance with the environmental and historic saving faithfulnesss. Mostly lighten or rescue archaeology is conducted. historical economy A air of preserving historic places, landmarks, and artifacts to nurse them from destruction or every separate marrow that may accidental injury them. historical Properties Places of historic signifi put upce that argon defended under the historic conservation act. These raft include architecture, such as the Mount Vernon Estate, as swell as specific pieces of la nd themselves, such as Gettysburg.Archeological Resources Sources that can nominate pregnant amounts of archaeological data such as artifacts and features. It is also something that may provided pertinent learning to the archaeological record.2. (2 pts) What is the become of heathenish vision management, and what are the ranks of cultural resources? The function of cultural resource management (CRM) is to protect historic places based on their archaeological, architectural, and historic interests. A majority of the work make in CRM is hold open archaeology. To put it in better terms they try to relieve as a great deal from a web localize as possible in front whirl or other forms of land schooling destroy it. Cultural resources provide a link to the substantial knowledge that can be ascertained from archaeological and prodigious historical sites.3. (5pts) The secretly nineteenth vitamin C witnessed a renewing in the musical mode our nation viewed cultural re sources. proffer an overview of secret attempts at preservation during the late 19th century. Thither were some attempts at preservation during the late 19th century. A a couple of(prenominal) that come to mind are that of independency H completely, Gettysburg and the Mount Vernon Estate. The Mount Vernon Estate was bought by a assemblage of quite a little cognize as the Mount Vernon Ladies Association for preservation. They full restored the Estate to its formal glory.A group of concerned citizens accomplished the Gettysburg Battlefield memoir Association whose purpose was to stay on portions of the theatre as a memorial to the aggregate Army that fought here. They eventu eithery transferred their land holdings to the subject government in 1895, which designated Gettysburg as a theme Military Park. In 1872 the metropolis of Philadelphia set aside Independence anteroom and forever declared it a square landmark, which in turn led to its restoration.4. The late 19th ce ntury witnessed a transformation in the way our nation viewed cultural resources, and this resulted in the 20th century with the handing over of major state and federal official rule directed toward promoting cultural resource preservation. For each of the following provide the following informationAntiquities perform of 1906 (9pts)a. This was the first practice of law passed by the United States government that attempted to protect cultural resources and antiquities, allow the electric chair to make up wizs mind which resources he deemed worthy of protection, and for excavations to be conducted exclusively with authorized permits.b. This principle was intended to patronage with the protection of fundamental historic lands and sites, as well as establish rules to confine the destruction and looting of said sites and lands. It allowed the president to adjudicate on the significance of a classicular site so that he may allow for its protection done and through federal m eans. It allowed excavations to be conducted hardly by means of obtaining a permit. This was to prevent mystical excavations and looting. It also made anything that was found on the site to be turned into museum work force for the publics benefit.c. The central bow is the protection and procuration of historic landmarks and antiquities through legal means. past Sites Act of 1935 (9pts)a. This act was the first assertion of historic preservation as a political duty and do oneselfed establish rules and organization for the interior(a) parks, monuments and historic sites.b. It gives a wide background of powers and responsibilities to the case Park Service and the repository of internal including codification and institutionalization of diachronic American Buildings Survey, authorization to note significant sites and buildings, and to actually be able to carry kayoed and perform preservation work. It also established the field of study Park System consultative Board to assist the Secretary of the Interior with administration.c. The central theme to this act was to meditate a means of organization and rules for the preservation and maintenance of historic sites. molybdenum divide Project (9pts)a. This scheme was conducted as a means of emergency or bring through archaeology at water resource development projects within the vast Missouri River Basin.b. The issue that the legislation faced here was the destruction of voltage archaeological sites along the Missouri River Basin.c. The central theme is the ensample behind salvage archaeology and how it can benefit the archaeological record forwards it is undo by some form of major eddy or other land development.Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (9pts)a. onward the interstate could be put in this law allowed for an archaeological survey and probable excavation to be conducted.b. This law was passed to help preserve archaeological data that cogency be pervertd or destroyed by the anatomical st ructure of the interstate.c. The theme for this law is to allow archaeologists to salvage as much information as possible from potential sites before construction of the interstate could begin. generator Salvage Act of 1960 (9pts)a. Provides a means for the recovery and preservation of historical and archaeological data that might be baffled or destroyed in the construction of dams and reservoirs.b. With all the big damns and large-scale construction being done at this time, this law provided a means for archaeologists to excavate and salvage as much data as possible before the construction was to begin.c. The theme for this law is to provide a way of preserving as much data as possible from a site before construction or completion of a damn or reservoir destroys it.National historical Preservation Act of 1966 (9pts)a. This act was created to preserve historical and archaeological sites in the United States of America and created the National memorialize of Historic Places, the l ist of National Historic Landmarks, and the State Historic Preservation Offices.b. This legislation provided a means to not only protect significant historic places barely also a means to help govern how to run them and how to decide which ones even make the cut to be fit(p) on the list.c. The theme for this law is to provide a means of deciding which landmarks, architecture and significant sites should be included in federal protection as well as how to actually keep up with their restoration.5. (5pts) Briefly summary the strengths and weaknesses of Works increase Administration (WPA) Archaeology as part of Roosevelts New Deal Programs?This eccentric person of archaeology offered many new jobs for people to fill. It also provided a means of excavating sites that were potentially unreachable due to their location and how deep they were actually buried. It created a long stable impression on archaeology and anthropology as well. It created museums and anthropology departments at universities across the nation. It also created many vast collections of artifacts. The bad with this type of archaeology was that people had to work all social class round and often in dangerous conditions. Since many of the workers were untrained they had potential to damage artifacts and sites that they came across.6. (5pts) Provide an overview of the significance of Section ci of the HPA? It formed the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). SHPOs responsibilities include canvass and recognizing historic properties, reviewing properties to be placed on the National Register for Historic Places, reviewing undertakings for the bear on of these properties and finally supporting federal, state and local governments as well as the cloak-and-dagger sector. States are responsible for setting up their own SHPO and thus each one varies in its rules and regulations.7. (5pts) What is the National Register of Historic Places? What makes an historic spot pensionable for the Nati onal Register? Discuss the Criteria of Significance and the Criteria of Integrity), etc The national evince of historic places is a register that was invented to protect historic properties of significant value to the history of the United States. To be eligible for admission to the register a prop must be go through a list called the Criteria of Significance.It has to have one of the following to be able to be on the list. A property must be associated with events that made a significant contribution to our nations history, be associated with a significant historical person of our nations history, have the dexterity to provide significant information closely history or prehistory, and lastly embodies the classifiable characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and decided entity whose components may lack individual distinction.8. (5pts) Provide an ov erview of Section 106 subroutine of National Historic Preservation Act. Include the steps (that I talked about in class) of the Section 106 extension process. Discuss assessment and mitigation of adverse assemble in your answer. Section 106 mandates federal agencies undergo a review process for all federally funded and permitted projects that will come to sites listed on, or eligible for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places. The steps for extension process include 1 basis of the Section 106 Review 2 appellation of Historic Properties 3 Assessment of wayward Effects and 4 Resolution of ominous Effects.If an adverse effect is expected, the agency is demand to work with the local State Historic Preservation Office to ensure that all interested parties are given an fortune to review the proposed work and provide feedback. This allows for steps to be found avoiding having an adverse effect on historic properties. A enrolment of Agreement is then reached b etween all consulting parties outlining agreed to mitigation or dodging of historic properties. Without said process, historic sites or properties would lose out on significant protection. It provides a process to help decide different approaches or solutions to a project but does not mean that it prevents site destruction or alteration.9. (6pts) Provide a one word definition for each of the follow (2pts each) descriptor I- IdentificationPhase II- EvaluationPhase III- Mitigation10. (5pts) YOUR perspectiveIS IT a duty of our society and as a community to protect and preserve our heritage? Are communities doing enough to protect their heritage, or are they doing too much, princely their will too aggressively and infringing the property of others?